The prevalence of heart failure is increasing because of an ageing population and improved survival of chronic diseases that contribute to heart failure. Heart failure includes reduced ejection fraction (≺40%) and preserved ejection fraction (≻50%) disease. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline on chronic heart failure was last updated in 2010. Since then, further evidence on novel and existing therapies, for example mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), has emerged. New research has also been published on diagnosing heart failure and approaches to heart failure care, including monitoring, rehabilitation, and the composition of the multidisciplinary team.
